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De por sí son numerosos los vacíos legales en los que nadan los efectos derivados de las aplicaciones del grafeno. La propiedad industrial, patentabilidad, el definir o delimitar el grado de originalidad, el fijar unos requisitos que permita definir la protección, son algunas de las cuestiones por despejar. Pero la situación es mucho más compleja ya que las cuestiones jurídicas no están vinculadas únicamente a la protección de las aplicaciones del grafeno en España, sino que se debe ubicar el marco regulatorio dentro de la Unión Europea con el fin de tener una uniformidad en cuestiones tales como la nanoseguridad, en concreto, los posibles riesgos y efectos adversos, tanto para la salud como para el medio ambiente asociados a la nanotecnología, y específicamente al grafeno; o su integración, dadas las particularidades de su producción mediante el tratamiento de minerales u otras fórmulas, dentro de los sistemas de economía circular, por citar algunas. Como se contempla en la propia obra, bueno será que las preocupaciones jurídicas (si no queremos hacer mera iuris-ficción) acompañen a las realidades que conlleva el proceso de maduración de una tecnología, en este caso como es la del grafeno. As such, there are numerous legal gaps in which the effects deriving from graphene applications swim. Industrial property, patentability, the definition or delimitation of the degree of originality, the setting of requirements to define protection, are some of the issues to be resolved. But the situation is much more complex since the legal issues are not only linked to the protection of graphene applications in Spain, but the regulatory framework must be located within the European Union in order to have a uniformity in such matters such as nanosafety, in particular, the possible risks and adverse effects, both for health and the environment associated with nanotechnology, and specifically with graphene; or its integration, given the particularities of its production through the treatment of minerals or other ways, within the circular economy systems, to name a few. As it is contemplated in the own work, good it will be that the legal preoccupations (if we do not want to do mere iuris-fiction) accompany to the realities that entails the process of maturation of a technology, in this case as it is the one of the graphene.