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El "Tratado sobre los principios del conocimiento humano" (1710) es la obra más importante y sistemática de Berkeley y comparte con el "Ensayo sobre el entendimiento humano" de Locke y el "Tratado sobre la naturaleza humana" de Hume el más alto puesto alcanzado por una obra filosófica escrita en inglés. Pertenece al segundo período de la vida del autor -el de los viajes y las grandes empresas- y fue redactado durante su estada en el Trinity College de Dublin. Lo precedió un "Ensayo de una nueva teoría de la visión", en el que el joven Berkeley había adelantado una novedosa concepción de la realidad. Pero mientras que en el Ensayo el análisis se ciñe a los fenómenos visuales, en el Tratado se lo aplica a todos los fenómenos de los sentidos con el fin de afirmar una posición inmaterialista. Además, esta última obra contiene no sólo una exposición sistemática de su inmaterialismo, sino que comprende también las otras facetas de su filosofía: nominalismo, espiritualismo y teísmo.
George Berkeley
George Berkeley (1685-1753), el llamado filósofo del inmaterialismo, sometió a una profunda crítica los conceptos recibidos de la tradición y esgrimió agudas críticas contra materialistas y ateos. Sostuvo una tesis revolucionaria, insolente y provocadora: Existe lo que es percibido (esse est percipi) y compuso uno de los libros filosóficos más leídos y celebrados de todos los tiempos: Tratado sobre los principios del conocimiento humano; obra tan clara y esencial como fantástica que lo mismo irritó a Hume y Kant que cautivó a Schopenhauer y a Jorge Luis Borges; el autor de Ficciones elogió a Berkeley por haberse atrevido a pensar que el mundo que nos rodea es la perpetua creación mental de cada ser humano, y que es Dios quien nos sueña a todos.
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