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En los últimos años, paralelamente al desarrollo de los ordenadores, la Teoría de la Optimización ha experimentado un notable auge, convirtiéndose en un campo puntero de investigación tanto por el interés matemático de sus resultados como por sus múltiples aplicaciones a diferentes áreas como son la medicina, economía, industria, finanzas, logística, entre otras. Desde el punto de vista docente, en la actualidad, la materia de optimización se encuentra presente entre los contenidos fundamentales de grados y postgrados tanto de naturaleza teórica como de corte más aplicado. El presente libro versa, principalmente, sobre el planteamiento y la resolución de problemas de optimización (o programación) lineal y no lineal (abreviadas por PL y PNL), prestando especial atención a los aspectos didácticos y al rigor matemático. El manuscrito surge con una doble finalidad. Por un lado, pretende servir de bibliografía básica en asignaturas de optimización aplicada , impartidas en carreras universitarias de ingeniería, economía, informática, estadística, etc. Por otro, pretende ser libro de problemas y de consulta sobre diferentes aplicaciones de PL y PNL en grados y postgrados relacionados con las matemáticas; asimismo, el manuscrito puede ser objeto de consulta de profesionales de diferentes campos relacionados con la logística y la toma de decisiones en general. El libro está estructurado en tres partes bien diferenciadas y precisamente la composición de contenidos de estas tres partes es la principal característica que diferencia a ésta de otras obras que encontramos en la literatura. La parte I expone con rigor los enunciados teóricos esenciales de la optimización clásica, ilustrados con diferentes ejemplos y contraejemplos. La parte II presenta a nivel instrumental las herramientas computacionales que ofrece el programa MATLAB® para la resolución de problemas de optimización. En la parte III se aplican los conocimientos anteriores al desarrollo teórico y la resolución, con alto grado de generalidad, de una selección de aplicaciones del mundo real. La mayoría de aplicaciones contienen programas específicos de resolución, elaborados por los autores del libro en el lenguaje de programación de MATLAB®.