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La deducibilidad de gastos financieros en la imposición sobre los beneficios de las sociedades es una de las cuestiones más polémicas en el ámbito de la tributación en los últimos años. Por un lado, es un factor que denota la falta de neutralidad en el tratamiento de la financiación empresarial, favoreciendo la financiación ajena y el apalancamiento societario, lo que ha llevado a múltiples propuestas legislativas tendentes a corregir esta situación. Pero, sin lugar a dudas, es la vertiente anti-elusiva de esta cuestión la que destaca en los últimos tiempos. La deducción de intereses es, con frecuencia, fruto de operaciones que la jurisprudencia ha venido denominando como de generación artificiosa de pasivos, especialmente cuando tienen lugar en el seno de grupos empresariales. Destaca el recurso al pago de intereses como fuente de erosión de bases imponibles, tal y como destaca la Acción 4 de BEPS y el art. 4 de la Directiva Anti-Abuso. El documento BEPS detecta una tendencia a reducir bases imponibles y desviarlas de Estados con tipos altos a Estados con tipos bajos mediante préstamos intragrupo, aunque también se hace referencia a la concentración de un elevado nivel de deuda en países con tipos impositivos altos para realizar adquisiciones en países con tipos bajos o para generar rentas no sometidas a gravamen. En la presente monografía, el autor, catedrático de Derecho Financiero y Tributario de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, estudia la incorporación al ordenamiento español de las reglas sobre limitación en la deducibilidad de gastos financieros, sobre todo mediante el Decreto Ley 12/2012, y, posteriormente, con su incorporación a la Ley 27/2014, del Impuesto sobre Sociedades. Se analiza el contenido de estas disposiciones desde un punto de vista crítico y se proponen líneas de reforma desde una perspectiva europea y de Derecho comparado, teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo futuro del enfoque propiciado por la Acción 4 de BEPS.