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Yosef Kaplan
Durante el siglo xvii la comunidad sefardí de Amsterdam se constituyó en el eje principal del judaísmo hispanoportugués de Europa occidental. En su vida social e intelectual, ya en la temprana Edad Moderna, estos sefardíes anticiparon los cambios mentales y los dilemas existenciales del judaísmo de los tiempos de la emancipación y la Ilustración. Prósperos comerciantes internacionales, con vínculos económicos que se extendían desde Europa occidental al nordeste brasileño y a la zona del Caribe, formaron en Amsterdam una poderosa élite social. Entre ellos encontramos al barón Antonio Lopes Sausso, el más acaudalado miembro de la comunidad, cuyo hijo, Francisco, subvencionó en 1688 la famosa travesía de Guillermo III a Inglaterra. También se establecieron allí los hermanos Pinto y los Pereyra. Abraham Israel Pereyra, asentista en Madrid durante el reinado de Felipe IV, destacó en Amsterdam por sus intensas actividades económicas. Entre muchas otras figuras importantes encontramos nombres como Gerónimo Nunes da Costa, agente de la corona portuguesa o Manuel de Belmonte, agente del rey de España. Estos magnates, que emulaban en sus hábitos y gustos estéticos a la aristocracia europea, eran también generosos mecenas de escritores y patronos de academias literarias. La afluencia de importantes representantes de distintas religiones fomentó además las polémicas teológicas y nuevas interpretaciones del Antiguo Testamento. Amsterdam fue en el siglo xvii el principal centro de impresión y difusión del libro judío, y uno de los editores, Castro Tartas, publicó entre 1672 y 1702 el primer periódico editado por judíos, la Gazeta de Amsterdam, en lengua castellana. El presente estudio da una idea plástica y multifacética del período culminante de los sefardíes de Amsterdam, mostrando hasta qué punto los rasgos judaicos permanecieron entrelazados en muchos aspectos con la cultura ib&eacu