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León Trotsky escribió su Historia de la Revolución Rusa , durante su exilio en la isla turca de Prinkipo. Por entonces comenzaba en la URSS la campaña estalinista contra Trotsky. Para justificar su tiranía "socialista", Stalin reescribió la historia del Partido Bolchevique y de la Revolución Rusa e invirtió la teoría marxista de la revolución.
Historia de la Revolución Rusa es, en primer lugar, una defensa de la verdadera historia del Partido Bolchevique y de la Revolución de Octubre. Entre las decenas de historias que se han publicado sobre la Revolución Rusa, la de Trotsky sobresale como la más integral e incisiva en sus análisis, tanto más, por haber sido escrita por un protagonista de los hechos. Lejos de ofuscar la supuesta objetividad científica, el enfoque marxista y comprometido de Historia, le brinda el filo y la profundidad que le faltan a otros relatos. Además, la obra goza de una irresistible narrativa emotiva y poética que permite leerla como una novela.
La comprensión de la dinámica de la revolución, la logra el autor a menudo con las descripciones más anecdóticas y detalladas de las experiencias de los personajes -tanto los líderes conocidos, como los obreros, soldados y campesinos anónimos- que protagonizaron la revolución.
La genialidad de Historia nace de su método dialéctico, de la habilidad con la que Trotsky relaciona los conflictos y contradicciones puntuales con el desarrollo general de la historia: la contradicción entre el atraso económico y la industria moderna, entre el Gobierno provisional y los soviets; la presión de la guerra mundial sobre la burguesía, de los obreros y soldados sobre los soviets, de los campesinos sobre el Gobierno provisional; la tensión entre la dirección del Partido Bolchevique y sus cuadros y militantes, entre unos dirigentes y otros; el autor teje cada trama en un mismo paño que revela el verdadero proceso revolucionario en movimiento.