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Aunque fue publicada en 1914, Dublineses había sido concluida nueve años antes, en 1905, mas el retraso de su aparición pública no había sido voluntario. Dos editores y un impresor pusieron reiteradas objeciones a la obra por cuestiones morales, y Joyce se había resistido tenazmente a aceptar sus modificaciones. No obstante, esos nueve años sirvieron para que el autor revisara los textos y para que añadiese tres nuevos, dotando al libro de una cohesión aún mayor de la que ya tenía, y enriqueciéndolo en especial con el que lo cierra, «Los muertos», considerado uno de los mejores relatos de la historia de la literatura. Así nació Dublineses, una colección de relatos cortos que describen la rígida y estancada sociedad irlandesa de la época, sujeta a la moral católica y a los dictados del Imperio británico; todo ello en un momento en el que el nacionalismo irlandés pugnaba con fuerza porque se reconociese la legitimidad de sus demandas. Considerada por los críticos como un prefacio de sus obras posteriores, sobre todo de su gran obra magna Ulises, Dublineses se constituye como la obra que dio inicio a la narrativa original, riquísima y compleja de Joyce, y que consiguió la liberación de la expresión artística del encorsetamiento en el que estaba sumida. Una obra imprescindible, pues, para apreciar y comprender mejor la narrativa del autor irlandés.
JAMES JOYCE
James Joyce (Dublín, 1882-Zúrich, 1941) fue un escritor irlandés, mundialmente reconocido como uno de los más importantes e influyentes del siglo XX, aclamado por su obra maestra, Ulises (1922), y por su controvertida novela posterior, Finnegans Wake (1939). Igualmente ha sido muy valorada la serie de historias breves titulada Dublineses (1914), así como su novela semiautobiográfica Retrato del artista adolescente (1916). Joyce es representante destacado de la corriente literaria de vanguardia denominada modernismo anglosajón, junto a autores como T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Ezra Pound o Wallace Stevens. Fotografía: © Alex Ehrenzweig
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