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La fiscalidad y el crédito público han estado siempre en el centro de los debates sobre los orígenes de la España Moderna. Por eso, los historiadores se han preguntado siempre por la responsabilidad que cabe atribuir a la política fiscal y financiera en el ascenso y posterior declive económico y político de la Monarquía española en la época de los Austrias. El aumento del gasto de la Monarquía exigió la movilización de grandes recursos a través del sistema tributario y de la emisión de deuda pública que propiciaron la aparición de importantes cambios e innovaciones fiscales y financieras, tanto en Castilla como en otros estados de la Monarquía. Una problemática tan compleja como esta y con tantas derivaciones económicas, sociales y políticas está muy lejos de haberse agotado por completo y, de hecho, son muchas las cuestiones que merecen ser investigadas en profundidad desde perspectivas y con documentación novedosas que enriquezcan nuestros conocimientos sobre los procesos de formación de los estados y las economías nacionales. Este libro ofrece nuevos estudios sobre el desarrollo de los sistemas de banca y deuda pública, la aparición de innovaciones fiscales y los problemas que plantearon el fraude fiscal y el contrabando en una época caracterizada por la lucha por la hegemonía, la constante demanda de recursos financieros y la transformación de los sistemas fiscales y financieros que condicionaron de manera decisiva la evolución de la Economía y las Finanzas de la España Moderna.