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Der Goldene Schnitt Teil II Kunst und Architektur Das Bauhaus, seine Vorläufer, seine Strömungen Im 20. Jahrhundert kommt es zu einer Erneuerung, die sich wieder auf die Geometrie beruft. Die Grundformen von Kreis, Quadrat und Dreieck sind geradezu das Logo des Bauhauses. Es hat nur eine kurze Zeit existiert. Seiner Konzeption gehen andere Strömungen voraus. Sie alle wenden sich gegen den Historismus, der die alten Stile wiederbeleben will. Künstlerfürsten wie Lenbach und Stuck stehen am Scheideweg. In England ist die Arts-and-Crafts-Bewegung ein Impuls. Der Jugendstil ist eine Bewegung, die in europäischen Ländern zu unterschiedlichen Formen führt und unterschiedliche Namen annimmt: den Modernisme von Gaudì in Barcelona, Eisenstein in Riga, Lalique und Mucha in Paris, die Secession und die Wiener Werkstätten in Wien, die Mackintoshs in Glasgow, die Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt. Das Bauhaus wächst aus der Arts-and-Crafts-Bewegung. Auch die geometrische Fraktion des Jugendstils kann als Vorläufer betrachtet werden. Die Reformbewegungen der Zeit spielen herein wie die esoterischen Bewegungen der Theosophie, ergänzt von der Reformpädagogik, die sinnliche, ganzkörperliche Elemente wie den Tanz einbezieht. Schlemmers Triadisches Ballett gehört zum künstlerischen Bereich, der immer mitgedacht werden muss, wenn wir an Bauhausmeister wie Feininger, Klee und Kandinsky denken, die schwerpunktmäßig in Teil III besprochen werden. Was wollte das Bauhaus? Eine von der Kunst herkommende Richtung sollte mit der handwerklichen Seite kombiniert werden. Der Künstler sollte dem Handwerk dienen, der Handwerker dem Künstler. Das Gesamtkunstwerk wird angestrebt. Die industrielle Entwicklung, neue Materialien kommen hinzu. Viele Impulse, was Architektur und Kunst betrifft, gehen vom Bauhaus aus in die Welt, bis zum heutigen Tage. Doch gibt es auch andere Strömungen in der Architektur des 20. Jahrhunderts, die in Teil II zur Sprache kommen.