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La consideración de los factores económicos no ha ocupado hasta hoy el lugar que merece en la literatura histórica latinoamericana. El destacado economista Aníbal Pinto propone en esta obra un análisis sistemático de los principales hechos y tendencias de nuestra evolución económica. Su estudio discierne los trazos y elementos causales de una trayectoria que, siendo particular, se aproxima mucho a lo que los economistas podrían llamar el “modelo de crecimiento hacia afuera”, peculiar en Latinoamérica y en otros países subdesarrollados durante el siglo xix y gran parte del xx. Es posible distinguir dos grandes tesis que emergen del ensayo. Una es que durante cien años –desde 1830 a 1930– Chile dispuso de las condiciones favorables del modelo clásico y liberal de crecimiento y que, sin embargo, a pesar de su progreso, no consiguió liberarse de las limitaciones de una estructura subdesarrollada, subordinada al comercio exterior y a la monoexportación, e impotente para desenvolver en forma armónica sus sectores productivos. La otra idea básica es que el desarrollo chileno ha agudizado la contradicción entre su lento avance y su pronunciado progreso en el plano político y de relaciones sociales. Una de las manifestaciones más claras de este desequilibrio es el viejo proceso inflacionario que, aparte de otros factores, se atribuye a un virtual “empate social”, determinado por el equilibrio de fuerzas de los tres grupos en que se estratifica la comunidad chilena en las últimas décadas.