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Durante el 2009 se celebró el Año Internacional de la Astronomía, promulgado por la UNESCO con motivo de los 400 años del empleo del telescopio en la observación del firmamento y sus astros, dando inicio a la astronomía moderna. En la Universidad Nacional de Colombia nos unimos a esta celebración realizando la Cátedra José Celestino Mutis: "Astronomía para todos, retos modernos de una ciencia milenaria". Para este evento académico se reunieron más de 19 expertos del ámbito nacional e internacional en diversos temas de la astronomía contemporánea. Fruto de la Cátedra surge este libro de divulgación científica el cual puede ser entendido por el público en general. En este texto no se asumen conocimientos previos en temas de astronomía, física o matemáticas por parte del lector. Esta obra incluye temas como: Galileo, coordenadas y tiempo en astronomía, el movimiento de los cuerpos celestes, nociones básicas sobre satélites artificiales y el brillo de los astros. En el plano astrofísico, la estructura y evolución de las estrellas, las regiones H 11, el papel de los telescopios modernos satelitales tales como el Spitzer y el James Webb, el rol de los granos de polvo en la formación de planetas. Las distancias a grandes escalas, las galaxias, entre otras, las vecinas Nubes de Magallanes, las lentes gravitacionales y los agujeros negros nos llevan a una concepción de universo. En la presente obra se ventilan la radiación cósmica de fondo y el análisis de los primeros tres minutos después del big bang.